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Wisdom tooth removal

Wisdom teeth are the third molars located at the back of the dental arch, and they typically erupt during adulthood, between the ages of 17 and 25. While many people experience this eruption without complications, not all cases are the same, and sometimes extraction of these teeth becomes necessary. Why? The reasons are varied: from lack of space in the jaw to possible impaction, as well as risks of infection and problems with tooth alignment. In this article, we explore the main reasons why wisdom tooth extraction is recommended, how the procedure is performed, and what complications can arise during recovery. If you've ever had doubts about this procedure, here we clarify everything you need to know to make informed decisions and take the best possible care of your dental health.

Why are wisdom teeth extracted?

Wisdom tooth extraction is a common procedure in dental practice. However, not everyone needs them removed. Below, we explain the main reasons why wisdom tooth extraction is recommended.

1. Insufficient space for proper eruption

As the jaw develops, the space available for teeth decreases. Wisdom teeth, being the last molars, need sufficient space at the back of the mouth to erupt properly. However, there is often not enough room in the jaw for these teeth to emerge correctly, which can cause problems. In these cases, it is common for wisdom teeth to fail to erupt or to erupt in an incorrect position, leading to the need for their extraction.

2. Dental impaction

Impaction refers to a situation where a wisdom tooth cannot fully erupt because it is blocked or trapped in the bone or gum. This can cause pain, swelling, and a buildup of bacteria in the affected area, which in turn can lead to recurring infections. If impacted wisdom teeth are not extracted, the risks of infection and other problems increase significantly. Check out our page about Gum diseases.

3. Risk of infection

Wisdom teeth are particularly difficult to clean due to their location at the back of the mouth. Often, people cannot fully reach these areas when brushing their teeth, creating an environment conducive to bacterial growth. This can cause infections in the surrounding gums and the tooth itself. In many cases, extraction is the best option to prevent recurring infection.

4. Tooth decay and gum disease

Difficult access to wisdom teeth makes cleaning more challenging. If wisdom teeth cannot be kept properly clean, they can develop cavities and gum problems. These problems can spread to adjacent teeth, potentially affecting overall oral health. In these cases, extraction is recommended to prevent further complications.

5. Dental alignment

Wisdom teeth can shift adjacent teeth, affecting bite alignment. This is especially relevant for those who have already undergone orthodontic treatment. Wisdom teeth can push against other teeth and undo the work done by braces, potentially leading to misalignment.

If you would like a treatment to correct this type of problem, you can find out more about Orthodontics in Madrid.

How is the need for extraction diagnosed?

The diagnosis for wisdom tooth extraction is made by a dentist and usually begins with a physical dental examination of the mouth. During this evaluation, the dentist observes the location and condition of the wisdom teeth, looking for signs of infection, swelling, or problems related to their eruption. If any abnormalities are detected, the dentist may suggest further steps.

To obtain a more detailed view of the situation, the next step is usually X-rays, such as panoramic X-rays. These images allow the dentist to accurately visualize the position of the wisdom teeth, their eruption angle, and whether they are impacted or causing any damage to nearby teeth. X-rays are essential for planning the extraction more safely and efficiently.

In some cases, the dentist also performs an additional clinical evaluation, which includes assessing factors such as pain, swelling, and recurrent infections. These symptoms may indicate that the wisdom teeth are causing significant problems, thus warranting a recommendation for their extraction.

What is the procedure for wisdom tooth extraction?

Wisdom tooth extraction is a relatively simple surgical procedure, although its complexity can vary depending on the teeth's position. Below, we describe the basic steps involved in wisdom tooth extraction.

1. Preparation for surgery

Before the extraction, the dentist will perform an examination to assess the patient's overall health. This includes a medical history and, in some cases, laboratory tests. The dentist will also explain the anesthesia options, which may include:

Local anesthesiaThe area around the wisdom tooth is numbed, so the patient will be awake during the procedure but will not feel pain.
Conscious sedationThe patient is relaxed and lightly sedated, but is still conscious during the surgery.
General AnesthesiaIn more complex cases, the patient may need to be completely asleep during the extraction.

2. Surgical procedure

The dentist or surgeon makes a small incision in the gum to access the wisdom tooth. In some cases, the tooth is broken into smaller pieces to make it easier to remove. If the tooth is fully erupted, the extraction is simpler and can be done without incisions.

3. Closure and immediate recovery

After the extraction, the dentist may place stitches in the gum, although this isn't always necessary. Gauze is then placed over the area to control bleeding. The patient should bite down on the gauze for a period of time to allow a blood clot to form and stop the bleeding.

Read also: Toothache: Why It Occurs and How to Relieve It

Risks and complications of wisdom tooth extraction

Although wisdom tooth extraction is a common and generally safe procedure, there are some risks and complications that can arise:

Infection

One of the most common complications is infection, which can occur if postoperative instructions are not followed properly. This may include failing to keep the area clean or not taking prescribed antibiotics.

Pain and excessive bleeding

Pain after a tooth extraction is normal, but if the pain is severe or doesn't improve with pain medication, you should see your dentist. Excessive bleeding can also be a sign that something isn't working properly.

nerve damage

In rare cases, the roots of wisdom teeth can be close to important nerves, which could cause temporary or permanent numbness in the lips, tongue, or chin. However, this complication is uncommon.

Sequelae of dry socket

Dry socket occurs when the blood clot at the extraction site is displaced or dissolved before it heals, causing severe pain and delaying recovery.

Recovery after wisdom tooth extraction

Recovery after wisdom tooth extraction varies depending on the complexity of the procedure and the patient's overall health. However, the following postoperative care is generally recommended:

It is essential to follow your dentist's instructions to avoid complications. Some recommendations include:

RestAvoid strenuous physical activity for the first few days.
MedicationTake painkillers and antibiotics as prescribed.
FoodAvoid hard or hot foods for the first few days.
Oral HygieneKeep your mouth clean, but avoid directly touching the extraction area.

Swelling and pain usually subside within the first 2-3 days. Most people can return to their normal activities within a week, but full recovery can take 2-4 weeks.

Conclusion

Wisdom tooth extraction is a common procedure that can prevent numerous dental problems, such as infections, cavities, and misalignment. If you are experiencing pain or discomfort related to your wisdom teeth, it is essential to consult a dentist to determine if extraction is the best option for you.

If you are experiencing pain or discomfort related to your wisdom teeth, we invite you to contact our team at Mag Dental Madrid. We are here to help you!

Frequently asked questions about wisdom tooth removal

How long should you rest after wisdom teeth extraction?

After wisdom tooth extraction, rest is recommended for the first 2-3 days. During this time, it's important to avoid strenuous physical activity, get plenty of rest, and follow your dentist's instructions for a faster recovery.

How painful is it to have your wisdom teeth removed?

The pain during wisdom tooth extraction is not intense thanks to the local anesthetic used to numb the area. However, after the surgery, it is common to experience discomfort or pain, but this is usually manageable with prescription pain medication. The discomfort typically lasts between 3 and 5 days.

How long does recovery take after a wisdom tooth extraction?

Basic recovery after wisdom tooth extraction usually takes 1 to 2 weeks. However, full recovery, including bone healing, can take 2 to 4 weeks.

How long does it take for a wisdom tooth gap to close?

The gap where the wisdom tooth was usually begins to close within the first few days. However, the complete healing process can take between 3 and 6 months, depending on the complexity of the extraction.

Is it necessary to remove wisdom teeth?

Not everyone needs to have their wisdom teeth removed. However, if they are causing pain, infections, or misalignment, it is advisable to have them removed to avoid long-term complications.

How much does it cost to remove a wisdom tooth?

The cost of wisdom tooth extraction can vary depending on the complexity of the procedure and where it is performed. Generally, it can cost between €100 and €350 per tooth.

How much does it cost to have wisdom teeth removed in Spain?

In Spain, the cost of wisdom tooth extraction generally ranges from €150 to €400 per tooth, depending on whether it is a simple or surgical extraction. If X-rays or sedation are required, the price may be higher.